Zotsatirazi ndizopanga zonse zopanga kuchokera ku SMT (ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri) kupita ku DIP (pawiri pamzere phukusi), kupita ku kuzindikira kwa AI ndi ASSY (msonkhano), ndi akatswiri aukadaulo omwe amapereka chitsogozo panthawi yonseyi. Njirayi imakhudza maulalo oyambira pakupanga zamagetsi kuti zitsimikizire kupanga kwapamwamba komanso koyenera.
Malizitsani kupanga kuchokera ku SMT→DIP→AI kuyendera→ASSY
1. SMT (ukadaulo wokwera pamwamba)
SMT ndiye njira yayikulu yopangira zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kukhazikitsa zida zapamtunda (SMD) pa PCB.
(1) Kusindikiza kwa solder
Zida: solder phala chosindikizira.
Masitepe:
Konzani PCB pa chosindikizira workbench.
Sindikizani phala la solder molondola pamapadi a PCB kudzera muzitsulo zachitsulo.
Yang'anani mtundu wa solder phala yosindikiza kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe offset, yosowa yosindikiza kapena overprinting.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
The mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi makulidwe a solder phala ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika.
Ukonde wachitsulo uyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti usatseke.
(2) Kuyika chigawo
Zida: Sankhani ndi Kuyika Makina.
Masitepe:
Kwezani zigawo za SMD mu feeder yamakina a SMD.
Makina a SMD amatenga zida kudzera pamphuno ndikuziyika molondola pamalo omwe atchulidwa pa PCB malinga ndi pulogalamuyo.
Yang'anani kulondola kwa kuyikako kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe magawo, magawo olakwika kapena magawo omwe akusowa.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Polarity ndi malangizo a zigawo ziyenera kukhala zolondola.
Mphuno yamakina a SMD iyenera kusamalidwa pafupipafupi kuti isawonongeke pazinthuzo.
(3) Reflow soldering
Zida: Ng'anjo yowotchera yotuluka.
Masitepe:
Tumizani PCB wokwera mu ng'anjo ya reflow soldering.
Pambuyo pa magawo anayi a preheating, kutentha kosalekeza, kubwereza ndi kuzizira, phala la solder limasungunuka ndipo mgwirizano wodalirika wa solder umapangidwa.
Yang'anani mtundu wa soldering kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe zolakwika monga zolumikizira zoziziritsa kukhosi, milatho kapena miyala yamanda.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa reflow soldering kumafunika kukonzedwa molingana ndi makhalidwe a solder phala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu.
Sanjani kutentha kwa ng'anjo nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti zowotcherera sizikhazikika.
(4) Kuyang'ana kwa AOI (kuwunika kwa automatic)
Zida: chida chowunikira chodziwikiratu (AOI).
Masitepe:
Optically jambulani PCB yogulitsidwa kuti muwone mtundu wa zolumikizira zogulitsira ndi kuyika kwazinthu zolondola.
Lembani ndi kusanthula zolakwika ndi ndemanga ku ndondomeko yapitayi kuti musinthe.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Pulogalamu ya AOI ikuyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi kapangidwe ka PCB.
Sanjani zida nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikulondola.
2. DIP (pawiri mu-line phukusi) ndondomeko
Dongosolo la DIP limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kukhazikitsa zida zapabowo (THT) ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira ya SMT.
(1) Kulowetsa
Zida: makina opangira mawotchi kapena otomatiki.
Masitepe:
Ikani podutsa-bowo chigawo chimodzi mu malo enieni a PCB.
Yang'anani kulondola ndi kukhazikika kwa chigawo choyikapo.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Zikhomo za chigawocho ziyenera kudulidwa mpaka kutalika koyenera.
Onetsetsani kuti chigawo cha polarity ndicholondola.
(2) Kuwotchera mafunde
Zida: ng'anjo yowotchera yoweyula.
Masitepe:
Ikani pulagi-mu PCB mu ng'anjo yowotchera yoweyula.
Solder zikhomo za chigawocho ku ma PCB pads kudzera mu soldering yoweyula.
Yang'anani mtundu wa soldering kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe zolumikizira zoziziritsa, zotsekera kapena zodumphira.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa soldering yoweyula kuyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a PCB ndi zigawo zake.
Sambani bafa nthawi zonse kuti zonyansa zisasokoneze mtundu wa solder.
(3) Kuwotchera pamanja
Konzani pamanja PCB pambuyo pa soldering yoweyula kuti mukonze zolakwika (monga malo ozizira a solder ndi bridging).
Gwiritsani ntchito chitsulo chosungunula kapena mfuti yamoto yotentha kuti muwotchere m'deralo.
3. Kuzindikira kwa AI (kuzindikira luntha lochita kupanga)
Kuzindikira kwa AI kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kulondola kwa kuzindikira kwabwino.
(1) Kuzindikira kwa AI
Zida: AI zowonera zowonera.
Masitepe:
Jambulani zithunzi zomveka bwino za PCB.
Yang'anani chithunzicho kudzera mu ma aligorivimu a AI kuti muzindikire zolakwika za soldering, component offset ndi mavuto ena.
Pangani lipoti loyesa ndikulidyetsanso kunjira yopangira.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Mtundu wa AI uyenera kuphunzitsidwa ndikuwongoleredwa potengera zomwe zidapangidwa.
Sinthani ma algorithm a AI pafupipafupi kuti muwongolere kulondola kwa kuzindikira.
(2) Kuyesa kogwira ntchito
Zida: Zida zoyeserera zokha (ATE).
Masitepe:
Chitani mayeso amagetsi pa PCB kuti muwonetsetse kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino.
Lembani zotsatira zoyesa ndikusanthula zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Njira yoyesera iyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe azinthu.
Nthawi zonse sinthani zida zoyesera kuti muwonetsetse kuti mayesowo ndi olondola.
4. Njira ya ASSY
ASSY ndi njira yosonkhanitsa PCB ndi zigawo zina kukhala chinthu chathunthu.
(1) Kusonkhanitsa makina
Masitepe:
Ikani PCB mu nyumba kapena bulaketi.
Lumikizani zinthu zina monga zingwe, mabatani, ndi zowonetsera.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Onetsetsani kulondola kwa msonkhano kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa PCB kapena zinthu zina.
Gwiritsani ntchito zida za anti-static kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kosakhazikika.
(2) Kuwotcha kwa mapulogalamu
Masitepe:
Kuwotcha fimuweya kapena mapulogalamu mu kukumbukira PCB.
Chongani moto zotsatira kuonetsetsa kuti mapulogalamu amayendera bwinobwino.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Pulogalamu yoyaka moto iyenera kufanana ndi mtundu wa hardware.
Onetsetsani kuti malo omwe akuyaka ndi okhazikika kuti pasakhale zosokoneza.
(3) Kuyesa makina onse
Masitepe:
Chitani mayeso ogwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa.
Yang'anani maonekedwe, ntchito ndi kudalirika.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Zinthu zoyeserera ziyenera kukhudza ntchito zonse.
Lembani deta yoyesera ndikupanga malipoti abwino.
(4) Kupaka ndi kutumiza
Masitepe:
Anti-static ma CD a zinthu oyenerera.
Lembani, pakitsani ndi kukonzekera kutumiza.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
Kupaka kuyenera kukwaniritsa zoyendera ndi zosungirako.
Lembani zambiri zotumizira kuti muzitha kufufuza mosavuta.
5. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
Kuwongolera zachilengedwe:
Pewani magetsi osasunthika ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida za anti-static.
Kukonza zida:
Nthawi zonse sungani ndikuwongolera zida monga osindikiza, makina oyika, mauvuni owonjezera, mauvuni otenthetsera, ndi zina zambiri.
Kusintha njira:
Konzani magawo azinthu malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.
Kuwongolera Ubwino:
Njira iliyonse iyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kuti muwonetsetse zokolola.
