ONUtanthauzo
ONU (Optical Network Unit) imatchedwa unit optical network unit ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri pa network ya optical fiber access network (FTTH). Ili kumapeto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo ili ndi udindo wosinthira ma siginecha owoneka kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi ndikuwongolera ma siginecha amagetsi kukhala mawonekedwe otumizira deta kuti akwaniritse mwayi wofikira mwachangu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
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1.ONU chipangizo ntchito
TheONUchipangizo ali ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:
Ntchito yakuthupi: Chipangizo cha ONU chili ndi ntchito yotembenuza kuwala / magetsi, yomwe imatha kusintha chizindikiro cha kuwala chomwe chinalandira kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimasintha chizindikiro cha magetsi kuti chikhale chizindikiro cha kuwala.
Ntchito zomveka: TheONUChipangizocho chili ndi ntchito yophatikiza, yomwe imatha kuphatikizira mitsinje ya data yotsika kwambiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito angapo kuti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri. Ilinso ndi ntchito yosinthira ma protocol, yomwe imatha kusintha mtsinje wa data kukhala mtundu woyenera wa protocol yopatsira.
2.ONU protocol
ONUzida zimathandizira ma protocol angapo, kuphatikiza Ethernet protocol, IP protocol, protocol layer protocol, ndi zina, motere:
Ethernet protocol: Zida za ONU zimathandizira Ethernet protocol ndipo zimatha kuzindikira kusungitsa deta, kutumiza ndi kutulutsa.
IP protocol: Zida za ONU zimathandizira IP protocol ndipo zimatha kuzindikira kusungitsa deta, kutumiza ndi kutulutsa.
Physical layer protocol: Zida za ONU zimathandizira ma protocol osiyanasiyana, mongaEPON, GPON, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingathe kuzindikira kufalitsa ndi kusinthasintha ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro za kuwala.
3.ONU kulembetsa ndondomeko
Kulembetsa kwa zida za ONU kumaphatikizapo kulembetsa koyambirira, kulembetsa nthawi ndi nthawi, kusamalira kupatula, ndi zina zotere, motere:
Kulembetsa koyambirira: Chida cha ONU chikayatsidwa ndikuyamba, chidzakhazikitsidwa ndikulembetsedwa kudzera muOLT(Optical Line Terminal) kuti mumalize kudziyesa nokha ndi kasinthidwe ka chipangizocho.
Kulembetsa kwanthawi ndi nthawi: Panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, chipangizo cha ONU chimatumiza nthawi ndi nthawi zopempha zolembetsa ku chipangizo cha OLT kuti chisunge kulumikizana ndi chipangizo cha OLT.
Kusamalira Kupatula: Chida cha ONU chikazindikira kuti pali vuto, monga kulephera kwa netiweki, kulephera kwa ulalo, ndi zina zambiri, chimatumiza chidziwitso cha alamu kuOLTchida chothandizira kuthetsa mavuto munthawi yake.
4.ONU njira yotumizira deta
Njira zotumizira deta za zida za ONU zimaphatikizapo kutumiza ma siginecha a analogi ndi digito komanso kusinthasintha kwa ma siginecha ndi kutsitsa, motere:
Kutumiza kwa siginecha ya analogi: Chipangizo cha ONU chimatumiza zomvera, kanema ndi data ina ya analogi ku chipangizo chomaliza cha ogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha analogi.
Kutumiza kwa siginecha yapa digito: Zida za ONU zimatumiza deta ya digito ya wogwiritsa ntchito ku chipangizo chamakasitomala kudzera pamagetsi a digito. Zizindikiro za digito ziyenera kusindikizidwa musanatumizidwe. Njira zojambulira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo ASCII code, binary code, etc.
Kusinthika kwa ma sign ndi kutsitsa: Panthawi yotumizira ma siginecha a digito, zida za ONU zimayenera kusinthira ma siginecha a digito ndikusintha ma siginecha a digito kukhala mawonekedwe amasinthidwe oyenera kutumizidwa munjira, monga mafelemu a data a Ethernet. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chipangizo cha ONU chiyeneranso kuchotseratu chizindikiro cholandirira ndikusintha chizindikirocho kubwerera ku mtundu woyambirira wa chizindikiro cha digito.
5.Kuyanjana pakati pa ONU ndi OLT
Kuyanjana pakati pa zida za ONU ndi zida za OLT kumaphatikizapo kutumiza ndi kuwongolera manambala motere:
Kutumiza kwa data: Kutumiza kwa data kumachitika pakati pa zida za ONU ndi zida za OLT kudzera pazingwe zowunikira. Kumtunda kwamtunda, chipangizo cha ONU chimatumiza deta ya wogwiritsa ntchito ku chipangizo cha OLT; mumayendedwe akumunsi, chipangizo cha OLT chimatumiza deta ku chipangizo cha ONU.
Kuwongolera manambala: Kutumiza kolumikizana kwa data kumachitika pakati pa chipangizo cha ONU ndi chipangizo cha OLT kudzera pakuwongolera manambala. Chidziwitso cha nambala yolamulira chimaphatikizapo chidziwitso cha wotchi, malangizo owongolera, ndi zina. Pambuyo polandira chidziwitso cha nambala yolamulira, chipangizo cha ONU chidzachita ntchito zofanana malinga ndi malangizo, monga kutumiza ndi kulandira deta, ndi zina zotero.
6.ONU kukonza ndi kasamalidwe
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti zida za ONU zikuyenda bwino, kukonza ndi kasamalidwe kumafunika motere:
Kuthetsa mavuto: Chida cha ONU chikalephera, kuthetsa mavuto kuyenera kuchitika munthawi yake. Zolakwika zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulephera kwa magetsi, kulephera kwa njira ya kuwala, kulephera kwa maukonde, ndi zina zotero. Ogwira ntchito zosamalira ayenera kuyang'ana momwe zida zilili panthawi yake, kudziwa mtundu wa zolakwika ndikuzikonza.
Kusintha kwa parameter: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chipangizochi chikugwira ntchito komanso kukhazikika kwa intaneti, magawo a chipangizo cha ONU ayenera kusinthidwa. Kusintha kwa parameter kumaphatikizapo mphamvu ya kuwala, mphamvu yotumizira, kulandira kukhudzidwa, ndi zina zotero. Ogwira ntchito yosamalira amafunika kusintha malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili kuti zitsimikizire kuti zidazo zimagwira ntchito bwino.
Kasamalidwe ka chitetezo: Kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha pa intaneti, zida za ONU ziyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino. Othandizira kukonza ayenera kukhazikitsa zilolezo za chipangizocho, mawu achinsinsi owongolera, ndi zina zambiri, ndikusintha mawu achinsinsi pafupipafupi. Nthawi yomweyo, ziwopsezo zachitetezo monga kuukira kwa hacker ndi matenda a virus ziyenera kutetezedwa.
Mwa kukonza bwino ndikuwongolera ma firewall a netiweki a ONU ndi ntchito za encryption za data, chitetezo cha maukonde a ogwiritsa ntchito chingathe kuwongolera bwino ndikutetezedwa kwamaneti. Pamene mukuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha intaneti, muyeneranso kusamala kuti musamangokhalira kukonzanso ndondomeko zachitetezo kuti muthe kuthana ndi ziwopsezo zovuta kwambiri komanso zosintha nthawi zonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-21-2023
