Posachedwapa, yankho lapakati pa chaka la chitukuko chophatikizana cha Hengqin pakati pa Zhuhai ndi Macao linali kufalikira pang'onopang'ono.Ulusi wina wodutsa malire umakopa chidwi.Idadutsa ku Zhuhai ndi Macao kuti izindikire kulumikizana kwamagetsi pamakompyuta ndikugawana zinthu kuchokera ku Macao kupita ku Hengqin, ndikupanga njira yodziwitsira zambiri.Shanghai ikulimbikitsanso pulojekiti yopititsa patsogolo ndi kusintha kwa "optical into copper back" maukonde olankhulana ndi fiber kuti atsimikizire chitukuko chachuma chapamwamba komanso ntchito zoyankhulirana zabwino kwa okhalamo.
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wapaintaneti, kufunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti kukuchulukirachulukira tsiku ndi tsiku, momwe mungapititsire luso la kulumikizana kwa fiber optical lakhala vuto lachangu lomwe likuyenera kuthetsedwa.
Chiyambireni mawonekedwe aukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi optical fiber, abweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pazasayansi ndiukadaulo komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu.Monga ntchito yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo wa laser, ukadaulo wazidziwitso wa laser woimiridwa ndi ukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizirana udapanga njira yama network amakono olumikizirana ndikukhala gawo lofunikira pakufalitsa chidziwitso.Ukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi ma fiber ndiwofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi pano pa intaneti, komanso ndi imodzi mwamaukadaulo apakatikati azaka zachidziwitso.
Ndi kutuluka kosalekeza kwa matekinoloje osiyanasiyana omwe akubwera monga intaneti ya Zinthu, deta yaikulu, zenizeni zenizeni, nzeru zamakono (AI), mauthenga amtundu wachisanu (5G) ndi matekinoloje ena, zofuna zapamwamba zimayikidwa pa kusinthana kwa chidziwitso ndi kutumiza.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wotulutsidwa ndi Cisco mu 2019, kuchuluka kwa IP padziko lonse lapansi kudzakwera kuchoka pa 1.5ZB (1ZB=1021B) mu 2017 kufika pa 4.8ZB mu 2022, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 26%.Poyang'anizana ndi kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, optical fiber communication, monga gawo la msana wa maukonde olankhulana, akukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti akweze.Njira zoyankhulirana zothamanga kwambiri, zazikuluzikulu zowoneka bwino komanso maukonde ndi njira zokulirapo zaukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi fiber.
Mbiri Yachitukuko ndi Mkhalidwe Wofufuza wa Optical Fiber Communication Technology
Laser yoyamba ya ruby inapangidwa mu 1960, potsatira kupeza momwe lasers amagwirira ntchito ndi Arthur Showlow ndi Charles Townes mu 1958. Kenaka, mu 1970, laser yoyamba ya AlGaAs semiconductor laser yomwe imatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kutentha kwa firiji inakonzedwa bwino, ndipo mu 1977, laser ya semiconductor idazindikirika kuti imagwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa maola masauzande ambiri m'malo othandiza.
Pakadali pano, ma lasers ali ndi zofunikira pazamalonda zama fiber optical.Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kupangidwa kwa laser, opanga adazindikira kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana.Komabe, pali zolakwika ziwiri zoonekeratu muukadaulo wolumikizirana wa laser: imodzi ndikuti mphamvu yayikulu idzatayika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mtengo wa laser;china ndi chakuti chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, monga momwe ntchito mumlengalenga idzakhalira kusintha kwa nyengo .Chifukwa chake, pakuyankhulirana kwa laser, mawonekedwe oyenera owoneka bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Chingwe chowoneka bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi Dr. Kao Kung, wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel mu physics, chimakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi laser wa ma waveguide.Iye ananena kuti Rayleigh kumwaza imfa ya galasi kuwala CHIKWANGWANI kungakhale otsika kwambiri (zosakwana 20 dB/km), ndi kutaya mphamvu mu kuwala CHIKWANGWANI makamaka amachokera mayamwidwe kuwala ndi zosafunika mu galasi zipangizo, kotero kuyeretsa zinthu ndi chinsinsi. kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kuwala kwa fiber Key, komanso adanenanso kuti kufalitsa kwamtundu umodzi ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwabwino.
Mu 1970, Corning Glass Company inapanga quartz-based multimode optical fiber ndi kutaya pafupifupi 20dB / km malinga ndi malingaliro a Dr.Pambuyo pofufuza mosalekeza ndi chitukuko, kutayika kwa quartz-based optical fibers kunayandikira malire a chiphunzitso.Pakadali pano, mikhalidwe ya kulumikizana kwa fiber optical yakwaniritsidwa.
Njira zoyankhulirana zoyambilira za optical fiber onse adatengera njira yolandirira mwachindunji.Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yolankhulirana ndi optical fiber.PD ndi chojambulira malamulo a square, ndipo mphamvu yokha ya chizindikiro cha kuwala ingathe kudziwika.Njira yolandirira mwachindunji iyi yapitilira kuyambira m'badwo woyamba waukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi fiber mu 1970s mpaka koyambirira kwa 1990s.
Kuti tiwonjezere kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sipekitiramu mkati mwa bandwidth, tiyenera kuyambira mbali ziwiri: imodzi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji kuti tifikire malire a Shannon, koma kuwonjezeka kwa mawonedwe abwino kwawonjezera zofunikira pa chiwerengero cha telecommunication-to-noise, motero kuchepetsa mtunda wotumizira;ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira gawoli, Chidziwitso chonyamula mphamvu za dziko la polarization chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa, chomwe ndi m'badwo wachiwiri wogwirizanitsa njira yolumikizirana.
Njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana ya m'badwo wachiwiri imagwiritsa ntchito chosakanizira chowunikira kuti izindikire intradyne, ndikutengera kulandila kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndiko kuti, pakulandila, kuunika kwazizindikiro ndi kuunika kwa oscillator komweko kumawonongeka kukhala nthiti ziwiri za kuwala komwe maiko ake ndi orthogonal. kwa wina ndi mzake.Mwanjira iyi, polarization-insensitive reception ingapezeke.Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti panthawiyi, kutsata pafupipafupi, kuchira kwa gawo lonyamula katundu, kufananiza, kulunzanitsa, kutsata polarization ndi demultiplexing pamapeto olandila zitha kumalizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa digito (DSP), womwe umathandizira kwambiri hardware. kamangidwe ka wolandila, ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yobwezeretsa ma siginecha.
Zina Zovuta Ndi Zolingaliro Zomwe Zikuyang'anizana ndi Kukula kwa Ukadaulo wa Optical Fiber Communication
Kupyolera mukugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, mabwalo amaphunziro ndi mafakitale afika pachimake pakuchita bwino kwa njira yolumikizirana yama fiber.Kuti mupitilize kukulitsa mphamvu yotumizira, zitha kutheka pokhapokha powonjezera bandwidth B (kuwonjezeka kwa mzere) kapena kuonjezera chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro-ku phokoso.Zokambirana zenizeni ndi izi.
1. Njira yowonjezera mphamvu yotumizira
Popeza kuti zotsatira zopanda malire zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu zamphamvu zimatha kuchepetsedwa mwa kuonjezera bwino malo ogwira mtima a fiber cross-section, ndi njira yowonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ma fiber ochepa m'malo mwa fiber single-mode kuti atumize.Kuphatikiza apo, njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi zotsatira zosatsatana ndikugwiritsa ntchito algorithm ya digito backpropagation (DBP), koma kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a algorithm kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa zovuta zowerengera.Posachedwapa, kafukufuku wa makina ophunzirira makina mu malipiro osagwirizana ndi osagwirizana awonetsa chiyembekezo chabwino cha ntchito, chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri zovuta za ndondomekoyi, kotero kuti mapangidwe a DBP athandizidwe ndi kuphunzira makina m'tsogolomu.
2. Wonjezerani bandwidth ya amplifier optical
Kuchulukitsa bandwidth kumatha kudutsa malire a pafupipafupi a EDFA.Kuphatikiza pa C-band ndi L-band, S-band ingathenso kuphatikizidwa muzogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo SOA kapena Raman amplifier ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukulitsa.Komabe, kuwala komwe kulipo kumakhala ndi kutaya kwakukulu m'magulu afupipafupi kusiyana ndi S-band, ndipo m'pofunika kupanga mtundu watsopano wa optical fiber kuti muchepetse kutaya kufalikira.Koma kwa magulu ena onse, ukadaulo waukadaulo wopezeka pamalonda ndizovuta.
3. Kafukufuku wa otsika kufala imfa kuwala CHIKWANGWANI
Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa fiber ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi.Hollow core fiber (HCF) ili ndi mwayi wochepetsera kutayika kwapang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchedwa kwa nthawi ya kufalikira kwa fiber ndipo zimatha kuthetsa vuto losagwirizana ndi fiber kwambiri.
4. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi umisiri wokhudzana ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono
Ukadaulo wogawanitsa malo ndi njira yabwino yowonjezera mphamvu ya ulusi umodzi.Makamaka, ma multi-core optical fiber amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa, ndipo mphamvu ya fiber imodzi imawirikiza kawiri.Nkhani yaikulu pankhaniyi ndi yakuti ngati pali amplifier apamwamba kwambiri., apo ayi akhoza kukhala ofanana ndi angapo single-core optical ulusi;pogwiritsa ntchito mode-division multiplexing luso kuphatikizapo liniya polarization mode, OAM mtengo zochokera singularity gawo ndi cylindrical vekitala mtengo zochokera polarization singularity, luso amenewa akhoza kukhala Beam multiplexing amapereka digiri yatsopano ya ufulu ndi bwino mphamvu ya machitidwe kuwala kulankhulana.Ili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo waukadaulo wa optical fiber, koma kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ma amplifiers okhudzana nawo ndizovuta.Kuphatikiza apo, momwe mungasankhire zovuta zamakina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwamagulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso ukadaulo wolowetsa kambiri-zotulutsa zama digito ndizoyeneranso kuziganizira.
Chiyembekezo cha Chitukuko cha Optical Fiber Communication Technology
Ukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi ma fiber opangidwa kuchokera pamayendedwe otsika kwambiri kupita kumayendedwe othamanga kwambiri, ndipo wakhala umodzi mwaukadaulo wothandizira anthu azidziwitso, ndipo wapanga chikhalidwe chachikulu komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu.M'tsogolomu, pamene chifuniro cha anthu pa kufalitsa zidziwitso chikuchulukirachulukira, njira zoyankhulirana za optical fiber ndi matekinoloje a netiweki zidzasintha kupita ku mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri, nzeru, ndi kuphatikiza.Pamene akuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu, apitirizabe kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe anthu amawononga komanso kuthandiza anthu kuti azipeza ndalama zambiri.anthu amachita mbali yofunika.CeiTa yakhala ikugwirizana ndi mabungwe angapo a masoka achilengedwe, omwe amatha kulosera machenjezo a chitetezo m'madera monga zivomezi, kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi tsunami.Imangofunika kulumikizidwa ku ONU ya CeiTa.Pakachitika tsoka lachilengedwe, malo ochitira chivomezi amachenjeza msanga.Ma terminal omwe ali pansi pa ONU Alerts adzalumikizidwa.
(1) Intelligent Optical network
Poyerekeza ndi njira yolumikizirana yopanda zingwe, njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana komanso maukonde anzeru zamalumikizidwe akadali pagawo loyambirira pokhudzana ndi kasinthidwe ka maukonde, kukonza maukonde komanso kuzindikira zolakwika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa luntha sikukwanira.Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwakukulu kwa ulusi umodzi, kuchitika kwa kulephera kwa ulusi uliwonse kudzakhudza kwambiri chuma ndi anthu.Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira magawo amtaneti ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa maukonde anzeru amtsogolo.Njira zofufuzira zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa m'mbaliyi m'tsogolomu ndi izi: dongosolo lowunikira magawo adongosolo potengera luso laukadaulo losavuta komanso kuphunzira pamakina, ukadaulo wowunikira kuchuluka kwa thupi potengera kusanthula kwa ma siginecha komanso kuwunikira kwanthawi yayitali.
(2) Ukadaulo wophatikizika ndi dongosolo
Cholinga chachikulu cha kuphatikiza zipangizo ndi kuchepetsa ndalama.Muukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi fiber fiber, kutumizira ma siginecha mtunda waufupi kumatha kuzindikirika kudzera mukusintha kwazizindikiro kosalekeza.Komabe, chifukwa cha zovuta za gawo ndi polarization state kuchira, kuphatikiza machitidwe ogwirizana kumakhalabe kovuta.Kuonjezera apo, ngati makina akuluakulu ophatikizira optical-electrical-optical system angakwaniritsidwe, mphamvu ya dongosolo idzakonzedwanso kwambiri.Komabe, chifukwa cha zinthu monga luso lochepa laukadaulo, zovuta kwambiri, komanso zovuta kuphatikizira, ndizosatheka kulimbikitsa kwambiri zizindikiro zonse zowoneka ngati 2R (kukulitsanso, kukonzanso), 3R (kukulitsanso). , kukonzanso nthawi, ndi kukonzanso) m'munda wa mauthenga a kuwala.processing luso.Choncho, ponena za luso lophatikizana ndi machitidwe, njira zofufuzira zamtsogolo ndi izi: Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku omwe alipo pa machitidwe ochulukitsa magawo a mlengalenga ndi olemera, zigawo zikuluzikulu za magawano a multiplexing systems sizinapindulebe ndi luso lamakono mu maphunziro ndi mafakitale, ndipo kulimbikitsa kwina kumafunika.Kafukufuku, monga ma lasers ophatikizika ndi ma modulators, olandila ophatikizika awiri-dimensional, ma amplifiers ophatikizika amphamvu kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri;mitundu yatsopano ya ulusi wa kuwala ikhoza kukulitsa kwambiri bandwidth ya dongosolo, koma kufufuza kwina kumafunikabe kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito zawo zonse ndi njira zopangira zingathe kufika pamtundu umodzi womwe ulipo Mulingo wa fiber mode;phunzirani zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ulusi watsopano mu ulalo wolumikizirana.
(3) Zida zoyankhulirana zowoneka bwino
Pazida zoyankhulirana zowunikira, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zida za silicon photonic zapeza zotsatira zoyambirira.Komabe, pakalipano, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zapakhomo makamaka amachokera ku zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kufufuza pazida zogwira ntchito ndizochepa.Pankhani ya zida zoyankhulirana zowunikira, njira zofufuzira zamtsogolo zikuphatikiza: kafukufuku wophatikizika wa zida zogwira ntchito ndi zida za silicon optical;kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi luso lophatikizana la zipangizo zopanda silicon optical, monga kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi teknoloji yophatikizira ya III-V zipangizo ndi magawo;kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wa zida zatsopano ndi chitukuko.Tsatirani, monga integrated lithiamu niobate optical waveguide ndi ubwino wothamanga kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-03-2023
